Protein synthesis lab recap

In this lab we asked the question, how does the body produce proteins. The steps required to make a protein are complicated. There are 5 steps to the sequence of making a protein. First off the messenger RNA is made by a strand of DNA. Then the mRNA moves to the cytoplasm meeting with the ribosome. After that the mRNA goes through the ribosome three bases at a time. Them tRNA matches up with the open DNA bases. Finally the tRNA releases the amino acids at the top, which joins the chain of amino acids being produced.

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression

In this lab we Tested three mutations, including  substitution, deletion and insertion. For substitution we replaced a letter in the sequence with another letter changing the outcome. For deletion we deleted a letter changing the outcome of the protein. Finally, for the insertion, we added a letter changing the outcome of the protein. With these mutations the outcome can be a whole lot different to it didn't matter. It depended on where the letter was changed. If the letter was mutated in the front it could be severe and be totally different whole if it was in the back it probably would not do anything depending on the rest of the DNA.



http://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/239/10nucleic.gif?revision=1


I chose substitution because substitution can either totally change the DNA or not do anything at all. This Mutation is different than deletion and insertion because with deletion you are getting rid of a letter and for insertion you are adding a letter while substitution is getting one by giving one. it matters where the mutation occurs because if it occurs in the back it might not change anything and still be the same but if it is mutated in the front the entire thing will be changed and can totally Mutate it.

http://islaslab.wikispaces.com/file/view/additionmutation.jpg/226983790/additionmutation.jpg

Mutations can affect your life in a huge way and can be very serious or be very small. Missense mutation is a mutation where changes the DNA base pair do to substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene.
made




https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/possiblemutations